def process_devices(dnac, token):
url = "https://{}/api/v1/network-device".format(dnac['host'])
headers["x-auth-token"] = token
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
data = response.json()
for item in data['response']:
print(item["hostname"]," , ", item["managementIpAddress"])
What is the function of the Python script?
Correct. The script calls the DNAC /api/v1/network-device endpoint, parses the JSON, iterates through the list under data['response'], and prints two fields for each device: hostname and managementIpAddress. This exactly matches the loop and print statement shown, with no additional processing beyond per-device output.
Incorrect. Although the script retrieves a list of devices, it never calculates len(data['response']) or maintains a counter variable. The only output is produced inside the loop, printing per-device details rather than a single total count of devices.
Incorrect. Displaying device type would require printing a field such as 'type', 'platformId', or similar. The script explicitly prints item['hostname'] and item['managementIpAddress'], so it outputs the device name (hostname), not the device type.
Incorrect. Writing to an output file would require file handling (for example, open('file','w') and write()). The script uses print(), which writes to standard output only. There is no file path, file open, or write operation present.
問題分析
Core Concept:
This question tests understanding of how a Python script consumes a Cisco DNA Center (DNAC) REST API, parses the JSON payload, and iterates through a list of returned resources. Specifically, it uses the DNAC “network-device” endpoint to retrieve an inventory list and then prints selected fields.
Why the Answer is Correct:
The function builds a URL to the DNAC endpoint https://<dnac-host>/api/v1/network-device, sets the authentication header (x-auth-token), and performs an HTTP GET using requests.get(). The response is converted to a Python dictionary via response.json(). DNAC commonly returns a top-level key named 'response' containing a list of device objects. The for loop iterates over data['response'], and for each device object (item), it prints item["hostname"] and item["managementIpAddress"]. There is no counting, filtering, or file writing—only looping and printing two attributes.
Key Features / Best Practices:
- API usage: GET request to retrieve resources from DNAC inventory.
- Authentication: x-auth-token header indicates token-based auth typical of DNAC.
- JSON parsing: response.json() and indexing into data['response'] is a common DNAC pattern.
- Field selection: hostname and managementIpAddress are standard inventory fields.
- Note: verify=False disables TLS certificate verification; acceptable in labs but not recommended in production. Also, headers must exist (not shown), and robust scripts should check response.status_code and handle missing keys.
Common Misconceptions:
Option B may seem plausible because iterating could be used to count devices, but the script never increments a counter or prints a length. Option C is tempting because device “type” is a common inventory attribute, but the script prints hostname, not type. Option D is incorrect because there is no file I/O (no open(), write(), or path handling).
Exam Tips:
For CCNAAUTO, focus on recognizing DNAC API response structures (often {'response': [...]}) and mapping code actions to outcomes: GET retrieves data, json() parses it, a for loop iterates list items, and print outputs to stdout. Also watch for what is not present (no counting, no filtering, no persistence) to eliminate distractors.
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2
問題 2
A company has written a script that creates a log bundle from the Cisco DNA Center every day. The script runs without error and the log bundles are produced.
However, when the script is run during business hours, people report poor voice quality of phone calls. What explains this behavior?
A buffer overflow due to a low-level language is an application security/stability issue, but it doesn’t fit the scenario well. The script runs successfully and consistently produces log bundles, indicating it is not crashing or corrupting memory. Also, a buffer overflow in a client script would not typically disrupt enterprise-wide voice quality unless it compromised critical infrastructure, which would likely show broader symptoms than only call quality during execution.
Incorrect speed/duplex settings would cause persistent link issues (errors, collisions, retransmissions) and would impact traffic continuously, not only when the log bundle script runs. Additionally, Cisco DNA Center speed/duplex settings are not typically the bottleneck for generating a log bundle; the heavy work is local CPU/disk processing on the controller, not a slow Ethernet transfer caused by duplex mismatch.
The script “running in the Voice VLAN” is a misunderstanding. VLANs segment Layer 2 broadcast domains; they don’t inherently cause jitter unless the network is congested or QoS is misconfigured. A log bundle generation task is executed on Cisco DNA Center (controller-side), not as a host generating significant traffic inside the voice VLAN. Even if the script downloads the bundle, that traffic would usually be best-effort and should be handled by QoS, not automatically disrupt voice.
Generating a log bundle can be resource-intensive on Cisco DNA Center (CPU, disk I/O, compression). During business hours, the controller is already processing telemetry, assurance, and device communications; adding a heavy job can increase latency in controller operations and related workflows. VoIP is sensitive to delay and jitter, so any additional contention that affects network operations/processing can manifest as poor call quality, making this the best explanation.
問題分析
Core Concept:
This question tests understanding of how automation tasks can impact platform performance and, indirectly, user experience—especially latency/jitter-sensitive applications like VoIP. In Cisco DNA Center, generating a log bundle is a controller-side operation that can be CPU-, disk-, and I/O-intensive.
Why the Answer is Correct:
Creating a log bundle typically triggers collection of multiple service logs, database/system state, compression/archiving, and sometimes additional diagnostics. Even if the script “runs without error,” the workload can temporarily spike CPU and I/O on Cisco DNA Center. When the controller is under heavy load, its responsiveness to API requests, telemetry processing, assurance calculations, and control-plane interactions can degrade. In environments where Cisco DNA Center is actively managing/monitoring the network, this can contribute to delayed processing of events and slower controller responses that may affect time-sensitive operations (for example, policy/assurance workflows, device communications, or integrations). During business hours, the network is already busy; adding a heavy controller task can exacerbate delays and contribute to symptoms perceived as poor voice quality (jitter/latency-related issues).
Key Features / Best Practices:
- Schedule heavy operational tasks (log bundle generation, backups, upgrades, large reports) during off-hours.
- Monitor controller health (CPU, memory, disk I/O) and use platform health dashboards/telemetry.
- Use rate limiting/backoff in scripts and avoid running multiple heavy jobs concurrently.
- If frequent bundles are required, consider scoping what is collected (when possible) and ensure the appliance is sized appropriately.
Common Misconceptions:
It’s tempting to blame VLAN placement, duplex mismatches, or coding language issues. However, the script’s success and the consistent correlation with “during business hours” points to resource contention rather than a functional bug or L2 misconfiguration.
Exam Tips:
For CCNAAUTO-style questions, look for “automation task succeeds but causes performance issues.” The likely root cause is platform resource utilization (CPU/disk) or excessive API polling, not programming-language memory safety or VLAN placement. Also remember VoIP is highly sensitive to jitter/latency, so any added processing delays in critical systems can surface as call-quality complaints.
3
問題 3
Which mechanism is used to consume a RESTful API design when large amounts of data are returned?
“Data sets” is a generic term describing a collection of data, not a specific RESTful API mechanism. While an API may return a dataset, the question asks for the mechanism used to consume an API design when large amounts of data are returned. The correct mechanism is a structured approach like pagination, not simply the existence of a dataset.
“Scrolling” is typically a front-end/UI concept (infinite scroll) where more items are loaded as a user scrolls. Although infinite scroll may be implemented using repeated API calls, the underlying API-side mechanism is still pagination (often via limit/offset or cursor tokens). Scrolling itself is not the REST design mechanism.
Pagination is the standard RESTful approach for handling large result sets by splitting responses into manageable pages. Clients request data in chunks using parameters like limit/offset or page size, or by following next-page links/tokens. This improves performance, reduces timeouts, and is commonly used in network automation APIs for inventories, logs, and event lists.
“Blobs” (Binary Large Objects) refer to large binary payloads such as images, files, or raw binary data. This is unrelated to the common REST pattern for returning large lists of structured resources. Even if an API returns large binary content, the mechanism for large collections is still pagination, not blobs.
問題分析
Core Concept:
When consuming RESTful APIs, large result sets can be inefficient or impossible to return in a single response due to payload size, latency, memory usage, and server/client timeouts. A common REST design pattern to handle this is pagination, where the server returns a subset (“page”) of results and the client requests subsequent pages.
Why the Answer is Correct:
Pagination is the standard mechanism used when large amounts of data are returned. Instead of returning all records at once, the API provides parameters such as page/pageSize, limit/offset, or cursor-based tokens (for example, “next” links). This reduces response size, improves performance, and makes API consumption more reliable for automation scripts and network controllers.
Key Features / Best Practices:
1. Request parameters: Common patterns include limit + offset, page + per_page, or cursor-based pagination (using a continuation token).
2. Response metadata: Many APIs include total count, next/previous links, or a “nextPageToken” to guide the client.
3. Deterministic ordering: For stable results, APIs often require a sort key; cursor-based pagination is preferred for frequently changing datasets.
4. Automation reliability: In Cisco automation use cases (inventory, clients, events, logs), pagination prevents scripts from failing due to oversized responses and allows incremental processing.
Common Misconceptions:
“Scrolling” can sound like a way to load more data, but it’s a UI/UX behavior, not a REST API mechanism. “Data sets” is too generic and not a specific API consumption technique. “Blobs” refer to binary large objects (files/binary payloads), not structured list pagination.
Exam Tips:
For CCNAAUTO-style questions, look for the REST pattern that controls large collections: pagination. Remember typical keywords: limit, offset, page, per_page, cursor, token, next/prev links. If the question is about returning large lists safely and efficiently, pagination is the expected answer.
4
問題 4
In Python, which expression checks whether the script returns a success status code when the Requests library is used?
Correct. response.status_code is the Requests Response attribute that holds the HTTP status code. requests.codes.ok is a Requests-provided symbolic constant for HTTP 200. Comparing them directly is a standard, readable way to confirm a 200 OK response before processing the response body (for example, JSON from a Cisco REST API).
Incorrect. Requests Response objects do not use response.code for HTTP status; the correct attribute is response.status_code. Using response.code will typically raise an AttributeError or always fail the intended check, causing automation logic to behave incorrectly when validating API calls.
Incorrect. requests.ok is not the constant for HTTP 200. In Requests, ok is a property on the Response object (response.ok), not on the requests module. The module-level constants are under requests.codes (for example, requests.codes.ok). This option mixes the correct attribute with an invalid constant.
Incorrect. This expression checks that the status code is NOT 200 OK, which is the opposite of verifying success. While it might be used to detect failure for a specific expected code, it does not satisfy the requirement to check whether the script returns a success status code.
問題分析
Core Concept:
This question tests how to validate HTTP success when using Python’s Requests library. Requests returns a Response object whose status_code attribute contains the HTTP status code (for example, 200, 201, 204, 404). Requests also provides symbolic constants via requests.codes (for example, requests.codes.ok for 200) to make code more readable and less “magic-number” driven.
Why the Answer is Correct:
Option A, response.status_code == requests.codes.ok, correctly compares the Response object’s HTTP status code to the constant representing HTTP 200 OK. In Requests, response.status_code is the canonical attribute for the numeric status. requests.codes.ok maps to 200, so this expression evaluates True when the server returns 200.
Key Features / Best Practices:
In automation workflows (including Cisco API calls), you often check for success before parsing JSON or acting on results. While 200 OK is a common success code, REST APIs may also return other successful 2xx codes (201 Created, 202 Accepted, 204 No Content). Requests offers response.ok (boolean) which is True for any 2xx/3xx response, and response.raise_for_status() to raise an exception for 4xx/5xx. For exam purposes, this question specifically asks for checking a success status code using Requests’ codes mapping, which aligns with requests.codes.ok.
Common Misconceptions:
A frequent mistake is using a non-existent attribute like response.code instead of response.status_code. Another is confusing requests.codes.ok with requests.ok (which is not a Requests constant). Also, using != requests.codes.ok checks for failure rather than success.
Exam Tips:
Remember: Response.status_code is the correct attribute. requests.codes.<name> provides readable constants (ok=200). If the question broadens to “any success,” consider response.ok or checking 200 <= status_code < 300. For Cisco REST APIs, always verify status codes before assuming the payload is present or valid.
5
問題 5
Which device is a system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security roles?
A router primarily connects different IP networks and forwards packets based on routing tables (static routes or dynamic routing protocols). Routers can apply ACLs and basic security features, but they are not typically defined as the system that monitors and controls traffic based on predetermined security roles. Their main purpose is path selection and inter-network connectivity, not comprehensive security policy enforcement.
A switch primarily operates at Layer 2 (and sometimes Layer 3 for multilayer switches) to forward frames based on MAC addresses within a LAN. Switches can enforce some security controls (e.g., port security, VLAN segmentation, 802.1X), but they are not generally described as monitoring and controlling incoming/outgoing network traffic based on security rules in the way a firewall does.
A load balancer distributes incoming application traffic across multiple servers to improve availability, scalability, and performance. While some load balancers include security-related features (TLS termination, basic filtering, or even WAF modules), their core function is traffic distribution rather than enforcing network security policies that monitor and control traffic based on predetermined security rules/roles.
A firewall is specifically designed to monitor and control network traffic entering and leaving a network or security zone based on a defined security policy (rules/roles). It commonly performs stateful inspection, enforces allow/deny decisions, logs events, and may provide advanced protections (application control, IPS). This matches the definition in the question most directly.
問題分析
Core Concept:
This question tests recognition of the network security device that enforces access control by inspecting traffic and applying a security policy (rules/roles). In networking terminology, the system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules is a firewall.
Why the Answer is Correct:
A firewall sits at a network boundary (or between zones/segments) and evaluates traffic against a policy. That policy can be expressed as rules (e.g., source/destination IP, ports, protocols) and, in modern designs, as roles/identities (user, group, device posture) and application awareness. The key idea is policy enforcement: allow, deny, inspect, log, and sometimes modify traffic based on security requirements.
Key Features, Configurations, Best Practices:
Firewalls commonly provide stateful inspection (tracking connection state so return traffic is automatically permitted), network address translation (NAT), and security zoning (inside/outside/DMZ or multiple security zones). Next-generation firewalls add application visibility/control, intrusion prevention, URL filtering, malware protection, and identity-based policies. Best practices include default-deny posture, least privilege, segmentation with zones, logging/monitoring, and consistent rule management. In Cisco contexts, examples include Cisco ASA (legacy) and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD), often managed via FMC, with automation possible through APIs for policy deployment.
Common Misconceptions:
Routers and switches can filter traffic using ACLs, which may look like “security rules,” but their primary function is routing/switching, not comprehensive security policy enforcement with stateful inspection and threat controls. Load balancers control traffic distribution for availability/performance, not security policy enforcement (though some provide WAF features, that’s not their core definition).
Exam Tips:
When you see wording like “monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic” and “based on predetermined security rules/roles,” think firewall. If the question emphasizes path selection between networks, it’s a router; if it emphasizes forwarding within a LAN using MAC addresses, it’s a switch; if it emphasizes distributing client requests across servers, it’s a load balancer. For CCNAAUTO, also remember that firewall policies are often automated via REST APIs and infrastructure-as-code tools, but the device type remains a firewall.
6
問題 6
Which status code is used by a REST API to indicate that the submitted payload is incorrect?
400 Bad Request indicates the server cannot process the request due to a client-side problem, commonly a malformed or invalid payload. This includes invalid JSON syntax, missing required attributes, wrong data types, or failing input validation rules. In REST APIs used for network automation, 400 is the typical response when the submitted body does not conform to what the endpoint expects.
403 Forbidden means the server understood the request but refuses to authorize it. The payload could be perfectly correct, but the user/token lacks required permissions (RBAC), the resource is restricted, or policy denies the action. It is not primarily used to indicate an incorrect or malformed submitted payload.
405 Method Not Allowed indicates the HTTP method is not supported for the requested resource (for example, sending POST to a read-only endpoint that only allows GET). This is about using the wrong verb, not about the correctness of the payload content. The server typically returns an Allow header listing permitted methods.
429 Too Many Requests indicates rate limiting: the client has exceeded allowed request thresholds within a time window. It is used for traffic control and API protection, often with Retry-After guidance. It does not indicate that the submitted payload is incorrect; it indicates the client should slow down or retry later.
問題分析
Core Concept:
This question tests knowledge of HTTP status codes as used in REST APIs, specifically how an API signals client-side errors related to request syntax or invalid data. In automation workflows (Cisco platforms, controllers, and network device APIs), correctly interpreting 4xx responses is essential for troubleshooting and building resilient scripts.
Why the Answer is Correct:
HTTP 400 (Bad Request) is the standard response when the server cannot process the request due to a client error, commonly an incorrect or malformed payload. Examples include invalid JSON (syntax errors), missing required fields, wrong data types (string vs integer), invalid enum values, or failing schema validation. In REST design, these are client-side issues: the request must be corrected before retrying. Many Cisco APIs return 400 along with a response body describing the validation failure (for example, “invalid parameter”, “malformed JSON”, or “required field missing”).
Key Features / Best Practices:
- Validate payloads before sending: JSON schema validation, required fields, and correct content types.
- Set proper headers (e.g., Content-Type: application/json) and ensure the body matches.
- Log response bodies: APIs often include error details that pinpoint the incorrect field.
- Distinguish 400 from 422: some APIs use 422 Unprocessable Entity for semantically invalid payloads, but 400 remains the most common and is the exam-relevant answer.
Common Misconceptions:
- Confusing authorization errors (403) with payload problems. A valid payload can still be rejected if permissions are missing.
- Confusing method errors (405) with payload errors. 405 is about using POST vs GET, not about the submitted JSON.
- Confusing rate limiting (429) with validation failures. 429 indicates too many requests, not incorrect data.
Exam Tips:
For CCNAAUTO, memorize the “big four” client errors: 400 (bad request/payload), 401 (unauthenticated), 403 (unauthorized/forbidden), 404 (not found). When the question says “submitted payload is incorrect,” default to 400 unless it explicitly mentions semantic validation with 422 (not offered here).
7
問題 7
Which CI/CD tool is an automation tool used to build, test, and deploy software?
Git is a distributed version control system used to track code changes, manage branches, and collaborate via commits and pull/merge requests. Git is commonly integrated into CI/CD pipelines as the source of truth that triggers builds and tests, but Git itself does not orchestrate automated build/test/deploy workflows. In exam terms, Git is foundational to CI/CD, not the CI/CD automation engine.
Gradle is a build automation tool primarily used to compile code, manage dependencies, run tests, and package artifacts (common in Java/Kotlin ecosystems). While Gradle can execute build and test tasks and can be invoked inside a pipeline, it does not typically provide the full CI/CD orchestration layer (triggers, stages, approvals, distributed agents, deployment coordination) on its own.
Nagios is an infrastructure and application monitoring platform used for health checks, alerting, and performance/status monitoring. It helps operations teams detect outages and threshold breaches, which can complement DevOps practices, but it is not designed to run CI/CD pipelines. If a question focuses on build/test/deploy automation, monitoring tools like Nagios are not the correct category.
Jenkins is a CI/CD automation server that orchestrates pipelines to build, test, and deploy software. It supports Pipeline-as-Code (Jenkinsfile), integrates with Git repositories, can run builds on distributed agents, and uses plugins to connect to testing tools, artifact repositories, and deployment targets. This end-to-end workflow automation is exactly what the question describes.
問題分析
Core Concept:
This question tests recognition of common CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery/Deployment) tools. CI/CD automates the software lifecycle steps—building, testing, and deploying—triggered by source code changes. In network automation (CCNAAUTO context), CI/CD is often used to validate infrastructure-as-code, run lint/unit tests, execute integration tests in labs/sandboxes, and deploy configurations or automation scripts reliably.
Why the Answer is Correct:
Jenkins is a widely used CI/CD automation server designed specifically to orchestrate pipelines that build, test, and deploy software. It integrates with source control (Git), build tools (Gradle/Maven), test frameworks, artifact repositories, and deployment targets. Jenkins jobs/pipelines can be triggered by commits, pull requests, schedules, or webhooks, making it a classic “automation tool used to build, test, and deploy software.”
Key Features / Best Practices:
Jenkins supports Pipeline-as-Code via a Jenkinsfile, enabling version-controlled, repeatable pipelines. It has a large plugin ecosystem (SCM integrations, credentials management, notifications, artifact handling, container/Kubernetes agents). Best practices include using declarative pipelines, storing pipeline definitions in Git, isolating build agents, managing secrets via credentials bindings, and implementing stages such as linting, unit tests, integration tests, and gated approvals for production deployments.
Common Misconceptions:
Git is essential in CI/CD but is a version control system, not a CI/CD orchestrator. Gradle is a build automation tool (compile/package/test) but does not inherently provide end-to-end pipeline orchestration and deployment workflows. Nagios is for monitoring/alerting, not CI/CD.
Exam Tips:
On CCNAAUTO-style questions, map tools to roles: Git = source control, Jenkins/GitLab CI = CI/CD orchestrators, Gradle/Maven = build tools, Nagios/Prometheus = monitoring. If the question mentions “build, test, deploy” automation across stages, the best match is typically a CI/CD server like Jenkins.
8
問題 8
Which description of a default gateway is true?
Incorrect. Denying certain traffic is the role of security mechanisms such as access control lists (ACLs), firewall policies, or security group rules. A default gateway does not inherently block or permit traffic; it provides a next-hop path for traffic destined outside the local subnet. Confusing “gateway” with “security gateway” can lead to this mistake on exams.
Correct. A default gateway (for hosts) and a default route/route of last resort (for routers) is used when there is no more-specific route to the destination. The packet is forwarded to the configured next-hop. On hosts, this is the router/SVI IP in the local subnet; on routers, it is typically 0.0.0.0/0 pointing to an upstream router.
Incorrect. Translating between public and private addresses is Network Address Translation (NAT), such as PAT (overload) on edge routers/firewalls. NAT may often be configured on the same device that is also the default gateway for a LAN, which can make this option seem plausible, but NAT is a separate function from default gateway routing.
Incorrect. Receiving Layer 2 frames with an unknown destination MAC address describes a switch’s behavior (unknown unicast flooding) within a VLAN. A default gateway is a Layer 3 concept used for routing IP packets to non-local networks. While hosts send frames to the gateway’s MAC, that is based on ARP/ND resolution, not unknown-destination switching behavior.
問題分析
Core Concept:
A default gateway is the next-hop device (typically a router or Layer 3 switch SVI) that a host uses to reach destinations outside its local IP subnet. On end hosts, it is configured as the “default gateway” IP address; on routers, the analogous concept is a “default route” (0.0.0.0/0 or ::/0).
Why the Answer is Correct:
Option B correctly describes the behavior associated with a default gateway/default route: when an IP packet’s destination does not match any more-specific route, the device forwards it to the default next-hop. For a host, this happens when the destination is not in the local subnet (based on the host’s IP/mask). The host ARPs for the default gateway’s MAC address and sends the frame to that gateway, which then routes the packet onward.
Key Features / Configuration / Best Practices:
- Hosts: configure a single default gateway per interface (e.g., Windows/Linux) pointing to the local router/SVI IP in that VLAN/subnet.
- Routers: configure a default route, e.g., “ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <next-hop>” or “ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <exit-interface>” (next-hop is generally preferred on multi-access networks).
- IPv6: default gateway is typically learned via Router Advertisements (RA) and uses ::/0.
- Troubleshooting: if local subnet communication works but remote networks fail, verify default gateway, ARP/ND, and upstream routing.
Common Misconceptions:
- Default gateway is not a security control (that’s ACLs/firewalls).
- It is not NAT (address translation).
- It is not a Layer 2 “unknown unicast” destination behavior (that’s switching/flooding). The default gateway is a Layer 3 forwarding decision.
Exam Tips:
- Distinguish host default gateway (configured on endpoints) from router default route (configured on routers).
- Remember: “no explicit next-hop in the routing table” implies the default route/route of last resort.
- If a question mentions Layer 2 unknown destination MAC flooding, think switches, not default gateways.
9
問題 9
Which Cisco DevNet resource allows access to products in a development lab to explore, learn, and build applications that use Cisco APIs?
DevNet Code Exchange is a catalog of community- and Cisco-published code repositories, sample applications, and integrations. It helps you find reusable scripts, SDK examples, and reference implementations, often linking to GitHub. However, it does not provide hosted lab access to Cisco products; it provides code artifacts and examples you can run in your own environment or sometimes alongside a sandbox.
DevNet Sandbox is Cisco’s hosted development lab platform that provides access to real or simulated Cisco products and controllers. It includes always-on and reservable environments with documented endpoints and credentials, enabling you to explore features and run API calls for learning and application development. This is the resource specifically designed for hands-on experimentation with Cisco APIs.
DevNet Communities is the collaboration and discussion area where developers and network engineers ask questions, share solutions, and learn from peers and Cisco experts. It is valuable for troubleshooting, best practices, and guidance, but it does not provide direct access to lab devices or controllers for API testing.
DevNet Automation Exchange (often referenced as an automation-focused collection within DevNet resources) highlights automation solutions, examples, and sometimes packaged workflows (for example, Ansible roles, Terraform modules, or automation use cases). It is primarily a discovery and sharing resource, not a hosted lab environment with direct product access like DevNet Sandbox.
問題分析
Core Concept:
This question tests knowledge of Cisco DevNet learning resources, specifically which resource provides hands-on access to real Cisco products and environments for API-driven development. In DevNet terminology, this is about interactive lab access versus content repositories or community portals.
Why the Answer is Correct:
DevNet Sandbox is Cisco’s hosted lab environment that provides reservable or always-on access to Cisco platforms (for example, IOS XE, NX-OS, Meraki, DNA Center, ACI, Webex, etc.) so developers and network engineers can explore features, authenticate to controllers, and run API calls against real or simulated infrastructure. This directly matches the wording “access to products in a development lab to explore, learn, and build applications that use Cisco APIs.” Sandboxes are designed to let you test REST APIs, SDKs, automation tools (Python, Ansible, Terraform), and integrations without needing your own hardware.
Key Features / Best Practices:
DevNet Sandbox typically offers:
- Always-on environments (shared) and reservable environments (dedicated time slots)
- Prebuilt topologies with documented credentials and endpoints
- VPN/AnyConnect access or browser-based access depending on the lab
- Sample workflows aligned to learning labs and API documentation
Best practice for exam and real-world use: treat Sandbox as your validation environment—prototype API calls, confirm authentication flows (tokens, basic auth, OAuth), and test idempotent automation before moving to production.
Common Misconceptions:
Code Exchange and Automation Exchange sound like “build applications” resources, but they are primarily repositories/collections of code and automation examples, not live lab access. Communities is for discussion and support, not for providing devices/controllers to run API calls against.
Exam Tips:
For CCNAAUTO-style questions, map keywords to DevNet resources:
- “Lab access,” “reservable,” “always-on,” “devices/controllers to test” => DevNet Sandbox
- “Sample code,” “repositories,” “use cases” => Code Exchange / Automation Exchange
- “Forums,” “discussion,” “peer help” => Communities
Remember: Sandbox is the only option that provides an actual development lab environment with Cisco products accessible for hands-on API experimentation.
10
問題 10
(2つ選択)
Refer to the exhibits.
For CLI commands that support XML, the clid() method returns JSON output. An exception is thrown when XML is not used. Executes CLI commands. Takes CLI command string and returns show command output in a JSON form.
Note: The “clid” API can be useful when searching the output of show commands using JSON tools as shown in the example.
PYTHON
Example:
>>> import json
>>> from cli import *
>>> jversion = json.loads(clid("show
version"))
>>> jversion['bios_ver_str']
'08.06'
Arguments:
• cmd: Single CLI command or a batch of CLI commands. Delimeter for multiple CLI commands is a space followed by a semicolon. Configuration commands must be in a fully qualified form.
Returns:
• string: JSON-formatted output of show commands.
>>> from cli import *
>>> import json
>>>
>>> cli('configure terminal ; interface loopback 5 ; no shut')
''
>>> intflist=json.loads(clid('show interface brief'))
>>> i=0
>>> while i < len (intflist['TABLE_interface']['ROW_interface']):
... intf=intflist['TABLE_interface']['ROW_interface'][i]
... i=i+1
... if intf['state'] == 'up':
... print intf['interface']
The Python interpreter and the Cisco Python SDK are available by default in the Cisco NX-OS Software. The SDK documentation shows how the clid() API can be used when working with JSON and XML. What are two effects of running the script? (Choose two.)
Correct. The command batch enters configuration mode, selects interface loopback 5, and applies “no shut”. In NX-OS, referencing “interface loopback 5” creates the loopback if it does not already exist. “no shut” administratively enables the interface. Thus, a direct effect of running the script is configuring (creating/entering) Loopback5 and enabling it.
Incorrect. Although the script accesses the JSON keys TABLE_interface and ROW_interface, it does not display the table contents or “details” of the table. It iterates through the rows and prints only the interface name when a condition is met. No additional fields (speed, MTU, VLAN, etc.) are printed, so it is not showing table details.
Incorrect. The script explicitly issues “no shut”, which is the opposite of “shutdown”. “shutdown” would administratively disable the interface; “no shut” enables it. Therefore, the script does not shut down loopback 5; it attempts to bring it up administratively.
Correct. After parsing the JSON output of “show interface brief”, the loop checks each interface entry and prints the interface name only when intf['state'] equals 'up'. This means the script’s printed output is limited to interfaces that are operationally up, not all interfaces and not those in other states.
Incorrect. The script does not check for an administrative shutdown condition. It checks only intf['state'] == 'up'. Interfaces that are administratively down (admin shut) would typically have a different state (often 'down'), but the script never prints those. There is also no logic to match an “admin_state” field or a string like “admin-down”.
問題分析
Core concept:
This question tests NX-OS on-box Python automation using the built-in Cisco Python SDK “cli” module, specifically the difference between cli() (execute commands, return raw text) and clid() (execute show commands that support XML and return JSON-formatted output). It also tests basic JSON parsing to filter operational state.
Why the answers are correct:
First, the script runs cli('configure terminal ; interface loopback 5 ; no shut'). In NX-OS, “no shut” under an interface administratively enables it. If Loopback5 does not exist, entering “interface loopback 5” creates it; if it exists, it enters that interface context. Therefore, an effect is that interface loopback 5 is configured/created and administratively brought up (enabled). This matches option A.
Second, the script calls intflist=json.loads(clid('show interface brief')). The clid() function returns JSON (for show commands that support XML), which is then parsed into a Python dictionary. The while loop iterates through intflist['TABLE_interface']['ROW_interface'] and prints intf['interface'] only when intf['state'] == 'up'. Therefore, the output printed by the script is a list of interface names that are operationally up, matching option D.
Key features / best practices:
- Use cli() for configuration mode sequences; NX-OS allows batching with “ ; ” delimiters.
- Use clid() when you want structured output for show commands; JSON parsing is more reliable than regex/text scraping.
- Understand NX-OS JSON structure: TABLE_* and ROW_* keys commonly wrap lists of objects.
Common misconceptions:
- “no shut” is the opposite of shutdown; it does not shut the interface (eliminates option C).
- The script does not filter “admin shut”; it filters operational state == 'up', not admin state fields (eliminates option E).
- It does not “show details” for the table; it selectively prints interface names only (eliminates option B).
Exam tips:
On CCNAAUTO-style questions, always separate (1) configuration actions performed by cli() from (2) data extraction/printing logic performed after clid()+json.loads(). Also remember that “state” in brief outputs typically refers to operational state, not administrative state, unless explicitly labeled “admin_state” or similar.
